巧解雅思写作地图题
地图题写作有别于数据图,构思方面没有数据图那么复杂,只需按照方位合理描写即可;但在语言驾驭,令大家都感到很陌生。所以写好地图题的重点在于读题,我们需要清晰明确的理解所有图标含义,进而确定写作思路;而写作的难点在于怎样准确表达方位,时态运用和句式的变换。地图题分两种,一种为地理变迁题,一种为选址题。
I. 写作思路:
开头段:简介地图内容+总结可能的总体特征(发展)
主体段:按方位顺序描述图表(按照变化或是位置写),注意方位词的正确使用和衔接
结尾段:重申总体特征(可省略)
II.分类:
一、地理变迁:
地理变迁题描述的是一个地方(多为一个城镇)在一段时间的发展变化。
(一) 时态
(1)如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化,文章用一般过去时。
(2)如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势,文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。be predicted to do / be expected to do
(3)如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化,可用现在完成时。
e.g.
1. 现在停车场改成了一个剧院。
The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre.
2. 城镇A的家庭数量从1937年到2020年将翻一番。
The number of homes in Town A is likely to double.
(be likely to = be predicted to / be estimated to/ be projected to/ be expected to )
又可为:
It is likely that the number of homes in Town A will double.
(It is likely that = It is predicted/estimated/projected/ expected that…)
(二) 细节变化
地图每个细节变化都要提到,不要忽视一个细节
(三) 语态
地图题多用被动语态
如: 2000年在城镇A 新建了一个医院:A new hospital was established in Town A in 2000.
(四) 地图题的书写顺序
地图题的书写顺序:时间顺序和空间顺序
描述一个地区随着时间年份而产生的变化和发展,我们需要按照时间顺序进行描述来展现合理的逻辑顺序。另外,对每一年中地区变化的描述,我们要注意按方位顺序来描述,否则文章会出现混乱。这就需要我们对方位词进行总结。值得注意的是,地图题的方位我们说东西南北,不说成左右。
e.g.
(1)A 在B 的东方/西方/南方/北方
A is / lies / is located / is situated in /on / to the east / west / south / north of B
(in 表A 在B 内部, ON 表A 和B接壤,TO 表A 和B 分开)
(2)A 在B 内部的某个部位
A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B.
(3)A在B 西北部的120 千米处
A lies 120 kilometers to the northwest of B.
(4)A 在B…*角落
A is at /in the south-eastern corner of B(at 表示A 在B 外部,in表A 在B 内部)
(5)在河流或道路的南边/北边等
On the south / southern side of the river
On both sides of the road
On the other side
(6)临近马路的地区
The area adjacent to / near / next to/ just off the road
(7)在道路或河流的最南端
At the southern end of the river
(8)A 在B 的对面
A is on the opposite side of B
A is opposite B
(9)A 在B 东部的边界上(A 在B外部)
A is on the eastern border of B
(10)A 在B 东部边缘上 (A 在B 内部)
A is on/ along the eastern edge of B
(五) “变化”词汇
地图题描述的是一个地区的变化,那么“变化”词汇必须过关。
分析发现,变化包括两种:图形原有事物的改变,图形新添事物。
(1)原有事物的改变:
→原有事物可说成:
The original / previous / former garden
→原有事物尺寸上变大/变小:
The size of the library has been enlarged / extended / halved / reduced by half
→原有事物在数量上增多或减少:
The number of homes has increased / risen / grown /reduced / decreased / dropped / fallen / doubled / tripled / quadrupled to 500.
→原有事物没了:
The farms completely disappeared / were removed.
→原有事物被改为:
A becomes B
A is transformed / reconstructed / redeveloped / converted / changed / turned over to / into B
A is replaced / substituted by B = A gives way to B
(2)新添事物
A newly-built road
A new car park was built / established / set up / constructed / completed and opened in the middle of B
A new IT centre has been added to the library
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