雅思写作语法
前个问题是可以在写作课上解决,上课时打通写作思路、构架写作框架,问题就迎刃而解了。后面一个问题的根源就是语法基础较差。因为句子不单单是单词的组合,它是单词的有序组合,组成单词的方法就叫做语法。不懂语法是写不出也写不好句子的。复习语法要与准备雅思大小作文联系起来, 如名词复数的变态变形、作文中人称代词的使用、数词的概数倍数表达、副词最佳位置、形容词扩展、情态动词表推测、写作中的时态问题、介词搭配、被动语态的客观表述、饼图中的主谓一致、宾语从句的否定转移、以及如何将短句拉长等等。以下是对学生最容易犯的语法错误的归纳总结。
1. 冠词:
在一篇题为“老师是否会被电脑替代”的文章中,一位学生写到“Teacher cannot be replaced by computer.”(老师不会被电脑替代) 我们汉语没有加冠词的习惯, 但英语可数名词单数形式要 “穿衣戴帽” 才能见人。原句有三种改法:
A teacher cannot be replaced by a computer.(不定冠词)
Teachers cannot be replaced by computers.(名词复数)
The teacher cannot be replaced by the computer.(定冠词)
2. 悬垂结构:
Looking out of the window,a mountain came into the view.
“望处窗外,一座山映入眼帘。”这句话中,学生直接讲中文逐字逐句的翻译成了英文,便犯了悬垂结构的错误,即主句主语与分句逻辑主语不一致。应该是人望出窗外,而主句主语却是山。主要有两种改法:
1.When looking out of the window, a mountain came into the view.(状语从句)
2.Looking out of the window, we saw a mountain.(分词作状语)
3.We looking out of the window, a mountain came into the view.(独立主格结构:主句主语与分句逻辑主语不一致, 分句自带主语)
分词作状语要时刻记住主句主语就是分词的逻辑主语。介词短语、不定式也会有这种错误发生。
比如错句: At the age of ten, my father gave me a puppy.
改正: At the age of ten, I got a puppy from my father.
错句: To crack an egg, the yolk should be left intact.
改正: To crack an egg, you should leave the yolk intact.
3. 两个完整的句子绝不能用逗号逗开(Comma splice),一定要加连词或者将其中的一句子变为从句。
这种错误又是受汉语的影响。
错句:She is a teacher,she is my best friend.
改正:She is a teacher, who is my best friend.
She is a teacher and she is my best friend.
4.一个句子只有一个主谓结构:
错句:Children like to make friends who are different from themselves has three advantages.
在这个句子中, 有两个谓语:like 和 has。学生在表达观点的时候最容易写这样的错句,可以改成主语从句或用动名词 做主语,谓语都用单数。
改写:That children like to make friends who are different from themselves has three advantages.(that引导主语从句)
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