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托福阅读的文章，根据出处及选材范围，可以将归为三类：说明文、议论文、史实文。三者合一统称为：学术性文章。今天小编主要给大家分享如何掌握托福阅读框架结构，希望对你们有帮助!

1. 章节结构

在一篇学术文章中，通常有三个组成部分:

(1)话题:即文章的主角是什么?例如，解释某一科学理论，研究某一社会现象，探索某一历史事件;在托福文章中，这类导入性信息经常出现在文章的开头。考生可以根据文章的首段理解整篇文章的核心内容。

(2) 方面:即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。如果主题是某科学论点，则方面可以分为若干个支持论据;如果主题是某种自然现象，方面可以分为若干个内外成因;如果主题是某个历史事件，那么方面为几段发展时期。

在托福阅读文章中，根据各个方面之间的层次关系，将各个方面划分为若干个独立的自然段落，构成文章的主体。

(3)态度:即作者对文章所讨论话题持怎样的态度。在托福阅读文章中，态度往往被淡化甚至省略。

话题+方面+态度，这三个要素加起来就是标准学术论文的“T+A+A篇章结构”。大多数托福文章都遵循这种结构。我们可以利用首段信息来控制整篇文章的主题及大致讨论方向，再抓住文章的各个段落主旨，便可洞悉整个文章脉络和逻辑结构。

2. 段落结构

学术性文章的自然段落，一般需要具备两个组成部分：

(1)主旨句：表达段落的主旨，即本段想要表达的核心内容是什么。

(2)细节:为了阐述段落中心意思，所列出的相关支持内容，即本段通过哪些例证来阐明主旨句。

标准学术论文体“TS+D段落结构”。托福文章的大部分段落都遵循这种结构，我们通过段落主旨句就可以把握该段的中心含义。

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考生们在准备托福写作考试时，可以多积累一些优秀的范文和素材，以便提高考试效率。今天小编为大家介绍写汽车的托福作文，欢迎阅读!

写汽车的托福作文

Admittedly, the aircraft has brought benefits to citizens. Firstly, long-term travel time has been shortened because of the availability of the jet plane. Passengers, for instance, would be able to fly across the Pacific Ocean, without enduring the seasick for months. Moreover, the introduction of airplane opens up opportunities for multinational businesses. For example, businesspeople are able to visit factories based in different counties, coordinating production process properly. However, not all people prefer travelling by plane, as civil aviation normally require lots of money. It will cost passengers a fortunes to purchase airplane tickets, not to mention the high airport tax and fuel surcharge.

Compared with airplane, however, automobile has great advantages. To begin with, car is affordable for most people. The mass-production of the automobile offer individuals cars at a low price. Furthermore, the utilization of automobile is diversified. Cars can be effortlessly designed for multiple uses and this can be proved by such vehicles as sedan, bus, trucks and construction car. Most importantly, the benefits of aircraft may be discounted during the unfavorable weather condition. Instead, many cars such as SUV can be driving under terrible condition, providing passengers with comfortable travel conditions, with no regard to the weather forecast.

In conclusion, although the development of aero plane was a landmark in human history, the invention of the auto car has significantly reformed society since the availability of the steam engine automobile. Technically, most people prefer cars for its economical, multinational and comfortable.

关于汽车的影响托福作文

Admittedly, the advent of airplane realized the flying dream of human beings, which indeed serves as an inspiration and motivation. In other words, thinking that men can fly in the sky gives people courage and confidence when doing other demanding and difficult things. Besides, Airplane has significantly facilitated international travel and global business, thus accelerating the process of globalization .However, after further consideration, I still believe that the automobile has had more effect on the society because of the following reasons.

First, generally speaking, cars are affordable. We can buy a car for thousands of dollars, but we have to pay millions to get a plane and even an airplane ticket can cost thousands of dollars. Last summer I went to New York with my families and we spent 40000RMB on tickets alone. Even people from developed countries find it difficult to afford airplane tickets, not to mention those poor people from developing countries. So a large number of people actually do not have the flying experience. But the automobile is inexpensive and it is not easy to find a person who has never ride on a bus.

The second point to note is that The use of cars can be more intimately connected with our daily life . Trucks transport vegetables and meat to places where there are not enough food to meet the demand of the local people.What’s more fire engines are indispensable for a city too. School buses and commuter buses are also necessary in order for a modern society to run smoothly. The list goes on and on. In short we can afford to live without airplane, but we cannot imagine what a world would be like where there is devoid of cars. Without planes we can search on the Internet for information, use skype to meet our friends and families, take ship to travel to another country. But without a car, many people can only stay near our offices and schools, eat local and monotonous food. Life would be dull and difficult.

Considering the above analysis, we can draw the conclusion that although the plane has its own merits and influences, these merits and influences are less than those of cars. Cars are inexpensive and can better meet our everyday demands. A world without planes is a world without luxuries, but a world without cars is a world deprived of necessities.

关于汽车的托福写作素材

1. 引起人们对环境的担忧

靠汽油驱动的汽车(gasoline-powered cars)会产生大量汽车尾气(automobile exhaust)，因此对于石油的依赖会引起人们对环境的担忧(to raise environmental concern), 同时使发展中国家过渡依赖从国外进口石油，以及使消费者面临不稳定的油价(to expose consumers to volatile fuel prices)。而特斯拉的出现很好地解决了过渡依赖石油的问题。特斯拉靠电力驱动并零尾气(zero emission)排放。

2.向可持续能源转变

有人认为汽车行业如今正处在十字路口，而特斯拉的出现无疑加速了世界向可持续能源转变(accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy) 的进程，代表着变革的力量。对生活在北京的人们来说，北京市政府通过摇号系统来对新车实行限购(limit new vehicle registrations through a lottery system)，但为了鼓励居民购买新能源汽车，提高了新能源汽车摇号中签率，这无疑使很多一直要不上燃油车的居民考虑新能源汽车。

3.抵消

由于今年石油价格持续走低，使得内燃发动机汽车(即靠汽油驱动的汽车)的市场份额(market share)上涨。如果政府能够出台更多促进零排放汽车普及的法规可能会使新能源汽车销量大涨(be a big catalyst for sales), 但显然短期内出台这样的法规并不现实，而且考虑到目前低迷的油价，即使立法者介入，优势也会被油价下跌抵消(offset)。实际上，特斯拉现在依然处于明显亏损状态(be solidly lossmaking)。

4.使失色

特斯拉创始人马斯克相信特斯拉会在2021年底前盈利(to achieve profitability), 然而近期特斯拉在华销量却一度低迷，这使得马斯克信心十足的展望(the bullish outlook)被蒙上了一层阴影(be overshadowed)。