Hacking Your LanguageStudy

巧学英语

My favourite tricks focus on the aspects of English that arevery easy to master, and I develop ways around the parts of Englishthat are “hard” to understand. Usually, it's not the languageitself that's “hard”, but your method for studying might be causingthe language to seem more challenging. If you look at thosechallenges in a new light then they can become much easier!

英语学习的诀窍中，我最喜欢的最容易掌握，最“难”理解的部分我会重点击破。一般来说，语言本身并不“难”，“难”的是学习的方法不对，会让一切努力事倍功半。如果你换一个角度看这些难点，它们就会变得简单多了。

Simple Rules for Pronouncing~ed

~ed的发音规则

One of my favourite pronunciation hacks for English learners ishow to properly pronounce ~ed.

这是我最爱的英语发音绝招之一，即正确发出~ed这个音。

In my experience this is one of the most obvious parts of aforeign accent. Luckily, it's also one of the easiest to fix.Learning the right way to say ~ed can have a huge impacton youraccent. But best of all it is very easy to learn.

以我的经验来看，这个部分的发音错误最明显，不过这个部分也是最容易纠正的。如何正确发出~ed对你的英语口语有重大影响。最最重要的还是它纠正起来最最简单。

There are only three possible ways to pronounce this, and(unlike much of the English language) the rules are consistent:

~ed只有三种发音，它可不像其他英语发音千变万化，它的发音规则是有迹可循的：

Rule1: After a d or t, pronounce it as[ɪd].

规则1：跟在d或者t后面，请发[ɪd].

In English, it's not possible to say a t and d sound immediatelyafter each other, so we add in the vowel sound. Do this in wordslike wanted, painted, ended, admitted, suggested, started, etc.

英语中 t 和 d 连在一起不可能直接发这两个音，所以两者之间需要加一个元音。将这个规则用在如下单词：wanted,painted, ended, admitted, suggested, started等。

Rule2: After the sounds p, f, s, ch, shand k, pronounce it as [t].

规则2：如果~ed跟在p,f,s,ch,sh和k之后，请将其发成[t]。

These sounds cannot be followed by a d in English, so the soundchanges to a [t]. Do this in words like stopped, laughed (f sound),finished, and walked.

以上一连串的字母不可以直接接d，所以需要变音为[t]。请发音如下单词： stopped, laughed (尾部是f的发音 ),finished, 以及 walked。

Rule3: In all other cases, pronounce itas [d].

规则3：其他的情况下，ed发音为[d]

Take care not to pronounce the e sound in ~ed here: justpronounce the [d]. Try it in the words imagined, cleaned, enjoyed,cried, and allowed.

请注意，不要将~ed中的e真正发出来，发[d]就好。请尝试朗读如下单词：imagined, cleaned, enjoyed,cried, and allowed

The Position of YourMouth

注意口型

Another way to remember this is to think of the position of yourmouth in the part of the word before the ~ed.

还有一种方法，记住发~ed音的时候你的口型是怎样的。

For the first rule, notice that d and t are both sounds createdby putting your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Because they'rein nearly the same spot, it's hard to move between them withoutadding in a vowel! Try it out.

对规则1来说，要发出d和t两个音，都需要将舌头顶住上腭，发音位置近乎一致。所以要连续发这两个音是很困难的，必须要在中间加一个元音!现在再发音试试看吧。

For the second rule, all but one of the sounds (k) is made byputting your lips or teeth together.

对于规则2，所有的音(除了k)都需要嘴唇或者牙齿闭合。

For the third rule, most of the sounds have either a hummedsound (like n or m) or an open, vowel position (like a or o) priorto the ~ed.

规则3，跟在~ed之前，大部分的音都跟“哼”的声音很像(像n或者m的发音),或者是一个开元音的发音位置(如a或者o的发音)。

Just remember that certain mouth positions lend themselves tobeing compensated for with different ways of saying ~ed, and you'regood to go!

只要记住一些口型是为了迎合~ed发音而变化的，发准音绝没问题!

And if that is still tooconfusing?

如果你还是觉得没弄明白的话怎么办?

Then just remember this one rule: for the majority of cases,when you see ~ed, you should pronounce it like [d] (rather than[ɪd], which is only relevant after d or t). If you use thispronunciation by default when you're not sure, you're most likelyto get it right.

只要记住这一条法则就行：大部分情况下，你看到~ed就发音为[d](而不是[ɪd],因为只有d和t同时出现的时候才需要)。如果在你不确定的时候那就这么发音吧，发音正确的概率还是很高的。

Making English Easy

让英语变得小菜一碟

Even if you only follow this one, easy rule, it will help youwith your English pronunciation, and soon enough the looks ofconfusion on the faces of your English-speaking friends will turnto smiles and nods of understanding.

单单这一个绝招，就能帮你提升英语发音。很快你的外国朋友会舒展脸上疑惑的眉头，一展理解的笑容，频频点头。

This applies to all languages you may be learning, not justEnglish. If you're also learning Spanish, French, German, Italian,or Chinese along with English, you'll find more hacks you can useright away in the FI3M language guides.

不仅是英语，对于学习所有的外语这都适用。一旦你学了这几招，语言学习就会飞速进步，你就会明白为什么英语学习soeasy啦!

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